SPEC CPU®2026 Floating Point Rate Result

Copyright 2026 Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation

Raspberry Pi (Test Sponsor: Ampere Computing, Inc.)

Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1 (16 GB)

SPECrate®2026_fp_base = 3.72

SPECrate®2026_fp_peak = 3.93

CPU2026 License: 6412 Test Date: Feb-2026
Test Sponsor: Ampere Computing, Inc. Hardware Availability: Jan-2025
Tested by: Ampere Computing, Inc. Software Availability: Nov-2025
Benchmark results graph
Hardware
CPU Name: Broadcom BCM2712
  Max MHz: 2400
  Nominal: 2400
Enabled: 4 cores, 1 chip
Orderable: 1 board
Cache L1: 64 KB I + 64 KB D on chip per core
  L2: 2 MB I+D on chip per core 512 KB
  L3: 2 MB I+D on chip per chip
  Other: None
Memory: 16 GB
Storage: 1 x 128 GB Samsung PRO Endurance MicroSD
Cooling: Air
Other: Adafruit Raspberry Pi 5 case (ID 6307; no fan);
veakson Portable Desk Fan (UPC 669936718801)
Software
OS: DietPi v9.19.2 (kernel 6.12.47+rpt-rpi-2712)
Compiler: C/C++/Fortran: Version 14.2.0 of GCC, the
GNU Compiler Collection (Debian 14.2.0-19)
Compiler Category: Community
Firmware: Version 57db150d released Nov-2025
File System: ext4
System State: Run level 3 (multi-user; no GUI)
Base Pointers: 64-bit
Peak Pointers: 64-bit
Other: None
Power Management: All settings left at default.

Results Table

Benchmark Base Peak
Copies Seconds Ratio Seconds Ratio Seconds Ratio Copies Seconds Ratio Seconds Ratio Seconds Ratio
709.cactus_r 4 733 4.680 733 4.680 4 652 5.270 655 5.240
722.palm_r 4 1297 4.070 1286 4.110 4 1211 4.360 1214 4.350
731.astcenc_r 4 437 7.690 437 7.690 4 396 8.480 396 8.490
736.ocio_r 4 565 6.200 565 6.190 4 550 6.360 552 6.340
737.gmsh_r 4 370 4.960 375 4.900 4 372 4.940 373 4.920
748.flightdm_r 4 330 8.680 335 8.560 4 315 9.080 324 8.850
749.fotonik3d_r 4 3213 1.440 3218 1.440 4 3227 1.430 3211 1.440
765.roms_r 4 5516 1.140 5480 1.150 4 5483 1.150 5478 1.150
766.femflow_r 4 1121 5.240 1118 5.250 4 1121 5.240 1118 5.250
767.nest_r 4 648 4.900 649 4.890 4 640 4.950 639 4.970
772.marian_r 4 716 8.820 716 8.820 4 542 11.700 533 11.800
782.lbm_r 4 4532 0.506 4516 0.508 4 4462 0.514 4480 0.512
SPECrate®2026_fp_base 3.72
SPECrate®2026_fp_peak 3.93
Results appear in the order in which they were run. Bold underlined text indicates a median measurement.

Operating System Notes

 'ulimit -s unlimited' was used to set environment stack size limit

Environment Variables Notes

Environment variables set by runcpu before the start of the run:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "/usr/lib64/:/usr/lib/:/lib64"

Platform Notes

 System powered via USB-C from Apple 45W USB-C power supply.
 HDMI display and keyboard were disconnected during the run.

 Sysinfo program /spec/cpu2026-0.902.0/bin/sysinfo
 Rev: 069f95da7e7f5d81b2ce48a82150e54f
 running on ci-pi5 Sat Feb  7 22:42:49 2026

 SUT (System Under Test) info as seen by some common utilities.

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 Table of contents
 ------------------------------------------------------------
  1. uname -srvm
  2. w
  3. Username
  4. ulimit -a
  5. sysinfo process ancestry
  6. /proc/cpuinfo
  7. lscpu
  8. numactl warning
  9. /proc/meminfo
 10. Systemd service manager version: systemd 257 (257.9-1~deb13u1)
 11. Services, from systemctl list-unit-files
 12. Linux kernel boot-time arguments, from /proc/cmdline
 13. sysctl
 14. OS release
 15. Disk information
 16. dmidecode warning
 ------------------------------------------------------------

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 1. uname -srvm
   Linux 6.12.47+rpt-rpi-2712 #1 SMP PREEMPT Debian 1:6.12.47-1+rpt1 (2025-09-16) aarch64

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 2. w
    22:42:49 up  8:04,  0 users,  load average: 2.15, 3.47, 3.82
   USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU  WHAT

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 3. Username
   From environment variable $USER:  cloyce

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 4. ulimit -a
   time(seconds)        unlimited
   file(blocks)         unlimited
   data(kbytes)         unlimited
   stack(kbytes)        unlimited
   coredump(blocks)     0
   memory(kbytes)       unlimited
   locked memory(kbytes) 8192
   process              64597
   nofiles              1024
   vmemory(kbytes)      unlimited
   locks                unlimited
   rtprio               0

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 5. sysinfo process ancestry
  /sbin/init
  tmux a
  zsh
  runcpu --reportable -c rpi-gcc fprate
  runcpu --reportable --configfile rpi-gcc --nopower --runmode rate --tune base:peak --size refrate fprate
    --nopreenv --note-preenv --logfile $SPEC/tmp/CPU2026.012/templogs/preenv.fprate.012.0.log --lognum 012.0
    --from_runcpu 2
  specperl $SPEC/bin/sysinfo -f
 $SPEC = /spec/cpu2026-0.902.0

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 6. /proc/cpuinfo
     CPU implementer : 0x41
     CPU architecture: 8
     CPU variant     : 0x4
     CPU part        : 0xd0b
     CPU revision    : 1
     Features        : fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm lrcpc
                       dcpop asimddp
    WARNING: the number of "processors" from /proc/cpuinfo does not seem to match the number of hardware
    threads as reported by lscpu.   Please verify counts independently.

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 7. lscpu

 From lscpu from util-linux 2.41:
   Architecture:                            aarch64
   CPU op-mode(s):                          32-bit, 64-bit
   Byte Order:                              Little Endian
   CPU(s):                                  4
   On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-3
   Vendor ID:                               ARM
   Model name:                              Cortex-A76
   Model:                                   1
   Thread(s) per core:                      1
   Core(s) per cluster:                     4
   Socket(s):                               -
   Cluster(s):                              1
   Stepping:                                r4p1
   CPU(s) scaling MHz:                      62%
   CPU max MHz:                             2400.0000
   CPU min MHz:                             1500.0000
   BogoMIPS:                                108.00
   Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp
                                            cpuid asimdrdm lrcpc dcpop asimddp
   L1d cache:                               256 KiB (4 instances)
   L1i cache:                               256 KiB (4 instances)
   L2 cache:                                2 MiB (4 instances)
   L3 cache:                                2 MiB (1 instance)
   NUMA node(s):                            8
   NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-3
   NUMA node1 CPU(s):                       0-3
   NUMA node2 CPU(s):                       0-3
   NUMA node3 CPU(s):                       0-3
   NUMA node4 CPU(s):                       0-3
   NUMA node5 CPU(s):                       0-3
   NUMA node6 CPU(s):                       0-3
   NUMA node7 CPU(s):                       0-3
   Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
   Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
   Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
   Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
   Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
   Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
   Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
   Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
   Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
   Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
   Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
   Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
   Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
   Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
   Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
   Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
   Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

 From lscpu --cache:
      NAME ONE-SIZE ALL-SIZE WAYS TYPE        LEVEL SETS PHY-LINE COHERENCY-SIZE
      L1d       64K     256K    4 Data            1  256                      64
      L1i       64K     256K    4 Instruction     1  256                      64
      L2       512K       2M    8 Unified         2 1024                      64
      L3         2M       2M   16 Unified         3 2048                      64

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 8. numactl warning

 Unable to get information from 'numactl --hardware'.  Please consider installing numactl.

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 9. /proc/meminfo
    MemTotal:       16604176 kB

 'who -r' did not return a run level

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 10. Systemd service manager version: systemd 257 (257.9-1~deb13u1)
   Default Target  Status
   graphical       running

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 11. Services, from systemctl list-unit-files
   STATE            UNIT FILES
   enabled          console-setup cron dietpi-kill_ssh dietpi-postboot dietpi-preboot dietpi-ramlog
                    fake-hwclock-load fake-hwclock-save getty@ keyboard-setup networking rpi-eeprom-update ssh
                    sshd-keygen systemd-pstore systemd-timesyncd
   enabled-runtime  systemd-fsck-root systemd-remount-fs
   disabled         console-getty debug-shell dietpi-cloudshell dietpi-firstboot dietpi-fs_partition_resize
                    dietpi-vpn dietpi-wifi-monitor e2scrub_reap ifupdown-wait-online rsync sysstat
                    systemd-boot-check-no-failures systemd-confext systemd-network-generator systemd-networkd
                    systemd-networkd-wait-online systemd-networkd-wait-online@ systemd-pcrlock-file-system
                    systemd-pcrlock-firmware-code systemd-pcrlock-firmware-config systemd-pcrlock-machine-id
                    systemd-pcrlock-make-policy systemd-pcrlock-secureboot-authority
                    systemd-pcrlock-secureboot-policy systemd-sysext systemd-time-wait-sync
                    systemd-udev-load-credentials wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-nl80211@ wpa_supplicant-wired@
                    wpa_supplicant@
   indirect         serial-getty@ sshd@
   masked           apt-daily apt-daily-upgrade cryptdisks cryptdisks-early fake-hwclock getty-static hwclock
                    serial-getty@ttyAMA0 serial-getty@ttyS0 sudo systemd-logind x11-common

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 12. Linux kernel boot-time arguments, from /proc/cmdline
   reboot=w
   coherent_pool=1M
   8250.nr_uarts=1
   pci=pcie_bus_safe
   cgroup_disable=memory
   numa_policy=interleave
   nvme.max_host_mem_size_mb=0
   bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=1920
   bcm2708_fb.fbheight=1080
   bcm2708_fb.fbdepth=16
   bcm2708_fb.fbswap=1
   numa=fake=8
   system_heap.max_order=0
   iommu_dma_numa_policy=interleave
   smsc95xx.macaddr=88:A2:9E:03:6B:8B
   vc_mem.mem_base=0x3fc00000
   vc_mem.mem_size=0x40000000
   root=PARTUUID=b06e45c0-02
   rootfstype=ext4
   rootwait
   fsck.repair=yes
   net.ifnames=0
   logo.nologo
   console=ttyAMA10,115200
   console=tty1

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 13. sysctl
   kernel.randomize_va_space           2
   vm.compaction_proactiveness        20
   vm.dirty_background_bytes           0
   vm.dirty_background_ratio          10
   vm.dirty_bytes                      0
   vm.dirty_expire_centisecs        3000
   vm.dirty_ratio                     20
   vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs      500
   vm.dirtytime_expire_seconds     43200
   vm.extfrag_threshold              500
   vm.min_unmapped_ratio               1
   vm.swappiness                       1
   vm.watermark_boost_factor       15000
   vm.watermark_scale_factor          10
   vm.zone_reclaim_mode                0

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 14. OS release
   From /etc/*-release /etc/*-version
   os-release Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 15. Disk information
 SPEC is set to: /spec/cpu2026-0.902.0
   Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/root      ext4  117G   22G   91G  20% /

 ------------------------------------------------------------
 16. dmidecode warning
   Could not find dmidecode

 BIOS: (could not find information)

Compiler Version Notes

==============================================================================
C       | 782.lbm_r(base, peak)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

==============================================================================
C++     | 731.astcenc_r(base, peak) 736.ocio_r(base, peak)
        | 748.flightdm_r(base, peak) 766.femflow_r(base, peak)
        | 767.nest_r(base, peak) 772.marian_r(base, peak)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
g++ (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

==============================================================================
C++, C  | 709.cactus_r(base pass 0, peak pass 0) 737.gmsh_r(base pass 0, peak
        | pass 0)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
g++ (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

==============================================================================
C++, C  | 709.cactus_r(base pass 0, peak pass 0) 737.gmsh_r(base pass 0, peak
        | pass 0)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

==============================================================================
C++, C  | 709.cactus_r(base pass 0, peak pass 0) 737.gmsh_r(base pass 0, peak
        | pass 0)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
g++ (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

==============================================================================
C++, C  | 709.cactus_r(base pass 0, peak pass 0) 737.gmsh_r(base pass 0, peak
        | pass 0)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

==============================================================================
Fortran | 722.palm_r(base, peak) 749.fotonik3d_r(base, peak) 765.roms_r(base,
        | peak)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GNU Fortran (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Base Compiler Invocation

C benchmarks:

 gcc 

C++ benchmarks:

 g++ 

Fortran benchmarks:

 gfortran 

Benchmarks using both C and C++:

 g++   gcc 

Base Portability Flags

709.cactus_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
722.palm_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
731.astcenc_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
736.ocio_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
737.gmsh_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
748.flightdm_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
749.fotonik3d_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
765.roms_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
766.femflow_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
767.nest_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
772.marian_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
782.lbm_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 

Base Optimization Flags

C benchmarks:

 -mabi=lp64   -std=c18   -g   -O3   -flto 

C++ benchmarks:

 -mabi=lp64   -std=c++17   -g   -O3   -flto 

Fortran benchmarks:

 -mabi=lp64   -std=f2018   -g   -O3   -flto   -fallow-argument-mismatch 

Benchmarks using both C and C++:

 -mabi=lp64   -std=c++17   -std=c18   -g   -O3   -flto 

Peak Compiler Invocation

C benchmarks:

 gcc 

C++ benchmarks:

 g++ 

Fortran benchmarks:

 gfortran 

Benchmarks using both C and C++:

 g++   gcc 

Peak Portability Flags

709.cactus_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
722.palm_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
731.astcenc_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
736.ocio_r:  -fno-finite-math-only(*)   -DSPEC_LP64 
737.gmsh_r:  -fno-fast-math(*)   -DSPEC_LP64 
748.flightdm_r:  -fno-fast-math(*)   -DSPEC_LP64 
749.fotonik3d_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
765.roms_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
766.femflow_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
767.nest_r:  -fno-finite-math-only(*)   -DSPEC_LP64 
772.marian_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 
782.lbm_r:  -DSPEC_LP64 

(*) Indicates a portability flag that was found in a non-portability variable.

Peak Optimization Flags

C benchmarks:

 -mabi=lp64   -std=c18   -Ofast   -mcpu=native   -flto 

C++ benchmarks:

731.astcenc_r:  -mabi=lp64   -std=c++17   -Ofast   -mcpu=native   -flto 
736.ocio_r:  Same as 731.astcenc_r 
748.flightdm_r:  Same as 731.astcenc_r 
766.femflow_r:  basepeak = yes 
767.nest_r:  Same as 731.astcenc_r 
772.marian_r:  Same as 731.astcenc_r 

Fortran benchmarks:

 -mabi=lp64   -std=f2018   -Ofast   -mcpu=native   -flto   -fallow-argument-mismatch 

Benchmarks using both C and C++:

 -mabi=lp64   -std=c++17   -std=c18   -Ofast   -mcpu=native   -flto 

The flags file that was used to format this result can be browsed at
http://www.spec.org/cpu2026/results/flags/gcc-rev-A2.html.

You can also download the XML flags source by saving the following link:
http://www.spec.org/cpu2026/results/flags/gcc-rev-A2.xml.